| CPC B01J 20/048 (2013.01) [B01D 15/08 (2013.01); B01J 20/28085 (2013.01); B01J 20/282 (2013.01); B01J 20/3071 (2013.01); B01J 20/3212 (2013.01); B01J 20/3221 (2013.01); B01J 20/3225 (2013.01); B01J 20/3236 (2013.01); B01J 20/3433 (2013.01); B01J 20/3475 (2013.01); B01J 2220/46 (2013.01); B01J 2220/52 (2013.01)] | 23 Claims |

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1. A hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated substrate made by a method comprising:
a) contacting a solid porous substrate comprising a hydroxyl group, amine group, quaternary amine group, aldehyde group, azide group, alkyne group, alkene group, phosphate group, sulfonate group, sulfate group, and/or carboxylic acid group with a solution comprising calcium ions, with the proviso that if a substrate comprises positively charged groups it is contacted with a phosphate containing solution and washed prior to contact with a solution comprising calcium ions;
b) washing the solid substrate contacted with the solution comprising calcium ions with a wash solution;
c) contacting the washed solid substrate of step b) with a solution comprising phosphate ions to form a solid substrate coated with a brushite form of calcium phosphate;
d) washing the solid substrate of step c) with a solution to form a brushite-coated substrate; and
e) optionally contacting the solid substrate of step d) with a solution comprising calcium ions and repeating steps b), c), and d); and
f) treating the brushite coated substrate with a base to form a HA-coated substrate, with the proviso that the substrate is not a particulate substrate;
wherein the solid porous substrate comprises:
i) cellulose, nitrocellulose, nylon, glass, methacrylate, polystyrene, polyethersulfone, or mixtures thereof; or
ii) glass, metal, a metallic alloy, nylon, polystyrene, cellulose, polyethersulfone, or nitrocellulose.
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