| CPC B65B 5/105 (2013.01) [B25J 9/0093 (2013.01); B25J 11/0045 (2013.01); B65B 25/04 (2013.01); B65B 35/08 (2013.01); B65B 43/46 (2013.01); B65B 57/12 (2013.01)] | 31 Claims |

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1. An end effector to be carried by a robot positioning apparatus for packing individual items of produce in a stacked manner of packaging, wherein:
the end effector is adapted to releasably hold a tube in an inverted orientation, wherein the tube has a closed bottom end and an open top end such that the open end is available to receive items of produce therein;
the end effector including:
at least one actuatable movable element located on the end effector so as to be adjacent the open end of the tube held by the end effector;
wherein the actuatable movable element is configured to be operable between:
i) an extended position which at least partially extends over the open end of a tube held by the end effector to at least partially obstruct the open end of the tube for retaining items of produce therein; and
ii) a retracted position so that the open end of the tube is unobstructed to allow items of produce to be received in the tube;
wherein the tube itself is the final end-use packaging for housing the items of produce.
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