| CPC G01S 7/4865 (2013.01) [G01S 7/4861 (2013.01); G01S 17/10 (2013.01); H04N 25/705 (2023.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A method for range determination, the method comprising:
transmitting, by a transmitting end, a pulsed laser at a first time, the pulsed laser being characterized by an initial total rise time between a pulse starting point and a pulse peak;
receiving an optical signal reflected by a target object;
converting the received optical signal into an analog electrical signal by a pixel circuit;
converting the analog electrical signal into histogram data using a time-to-digital converter (TDC), the histogram data comprising n intensity values corresponding to n time bins;
storing the histogram data in a memory module;
calculating a preliminary peak location using the histogram data, the preliminary peak location being associated with a target object distance, the preliminary peak location being associated with a highest peak intensity value of and a corresponding time bin location of the histogram data;
comparing the preliminary peak location to a threshold value, the threshold value being associated with a threshold distance;
if the preliminary peak location is less than the threshold value, determining the pulse starting point by locating m consecutive rising intensity values, and calculating a corrected peak location by adding a total rise time value, m being at least three; and
calculating a time of flight (TOF) value using the first time and a second time, the second time being based on the corrected peak location or the preliminary peak location; and
determining the target object distance.
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