| CPC G01N 33/0047 (2013.01) [G01N 21/6428 (2013.01); G03F 7/0015 (2013.01); G01N 2021/6439 (2013.01)] | 27 Claims |

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1. A device comprising:
a substrate; and
a plurality of polymer nanostructures disposed on at least a portion of a surface of the substrate,
wherein at least a portion or all of the polymer nanostructures comprise uniform end groups comprising a fluorescent end group, and
wherein the polymer nanostructures are arranged in a pre-determined pattern.
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