a micro-channel structure comprising a support, and one or more micro-channels formed on the support, each of the one or more micro-channels including a sample detection layer with a fixed bioadhesive material for detecting a sample, wherein the micro-channel is injected with a buffer solution containing the sample;

a prism unit comprising a single prism structure, and a reflection structure formed by coating a bottom surface of the prism with a mirror reflection material;

a polarized light generating unit including one or more lenses, the polarized light generating unit configured to generate polarized light; and

a polarized light detecting unit including a processor, the polarized light detecting unit configured to detect a polarization change of reflected light,

wherein the polarized light passes through the prism to define incident light that enters a prism-buffer solution interface that adjoins the prism and the buffer solution,

wherein a part of the incident light is reflected by the prism-buffer solution interface and then passes through the single prism structure to define first reflected light,

wherein another part of the incident light passes through the prism-buffer solution interface, performs multi-reflection by repeatedly performing reflection and light incidence multiple times by the sample detection layer and the reflection structure, and then passes through the single prism structure to define second reflected light, and

wherein an interval between respective optical paths of the first reflected light and the second reflected light is induced by the multi-reflection to spatially and completely separate the first reflected light and the second reflected light such that the polarized light detecting unit is induced not to receive the first reflected light.