| CPC H10B 51/30 (2023.02) [H01L 23/5283 (2013.01); H10D 30/0415 (2025.01); H10D 30/701 (2025.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
an interconnect structure on a substrate;
a first electrode on the interconnect structure, wherein the first electrode comprises a first portion and a second portion on the first portion, wherein the first portion comprises a first metal nitride conductive material, wherein the second portion comprises a second metal nitride conductive material, and wherein a first nitrogen-to-metal ratio of the first metal nitride conductive material and a second nitrogen-to-metal ratio of the second metal nitride conductive material are different;
a ferroelectric layer on the first electrode, wherein the ferroelectric layer comprises a ferroelectric material having an orthorhombic phase, and
a second electrode on the ferroelectric layer, wherein the second electrode comprises the second metal nitride conductive material.
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