| CPC H01L 21/32136 (2013.01) [H01L 21/02175 (2013.01); H01L 21/02244 (2013.01); H01L 21/02252 (2013.01); H01L 21/02337 (2013.01); H01L 21/31122 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A method of etching, the method comprising:
providing a substrate containing a ruthenium metal layer thereon, the ruthenium metal layer having a ruthenium surface exposed on the substrate; and
exposing the substrate to a gas pulse sequence to etch the ruthenium metal layer, wherein said exposing the substrate to the gas pulse sequence includes:
a) exposing the substrate to a first gas pulse comprising an oxygen-containing gas to form a first non-volatile oxide surface layer on the ruthenium metal layer, wherein the first non-volatile oxide surface layer is not removed by the oxygen-containing gas;
b) exposing the substrate to a second gas pulse comprising a chlorine-containing gas to convert the first non-volatile oxide surface layer into a second non-volatile oxide surface layer, wherein the second non-volatile oxide surface layer is not removed by the chlorine-containing gas; and
c) exposing the substrate to a third gas pulse comprising a fluorine-containing gas to remove the second non-volatile oxide surface layer from the ruthenium surface to etch the ruthenium metal layer.
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