| CPC G01N 33/54333 (2013.01) [G01N 2446/20 (2013.01)] | 16 Claims |

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1. A method for determining a conformational change in a structure of a protein, the method comprising:
delivering a magnetic nanoparticle-nanobody (MNP-NB) complex to a sample containing the protein, wherein the MNP-NB complex will bind to the protein in the sample;
applying an external magnetic field with a magnetic field generation system to the sample;
detecting signal from the MNP-NB complex that reflects a response to the external magnetic field, wherein the detecting comprises performing magnetic particle spectroscopy and/or AC susceptibility measurement; and
determining the conformational change in the structure of the protein by detecting the signal in the sample and comparing the detected signal to a baseline signal obtained prior to the conformational change.
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