US 12,478,307 B2
Systems and methods for treating cardiac arrhythmia
Balvinder Handa, London (GB); Xinyang Li, London (GB); Fu Siong Ng, London (GB); and Nicholas Peters, London (GB)
Assigned to IMPERIAL COLLEGE INNOVATIONS LIMITED, London (GB)
Appl. No. 17/437,469
Filed by IMPERIAL COLLEGE INNOVATIONS LIMITED, London (GB)
PCT Filed Mar. 11, 2020, PCT No. PCT/GB2020/050585
§ 371(c)(1), (2) Date Sep. 9, 2021,
PCT Pub. No. WO2020/183157, PCT Pub. Date Sep. 17, 2020.
Claims priority of application No. 1903259 (GB), filed on Mar. 11, 2019.
Prior Publication US 2022/0183609 A1, Jun. 16, 2022
Int. Cl. A61B 5/367 (2021.01); A61B 5/361 (2021.01)
CPC A61B 5/367 (2021.01) [A61B 5/361 (2021.01)] 5 Claims
OG exemplary drawing
 
1. An apparatus for monitoring activation in a heart during movement of a series of activation wavefronts across the heart, the apparatus comprising a probe, a plurality of electrodes supported at respective electrode positions on the probe and each configured to contact a respective detection position on the heart, wherein each of the electrodes is configured to detect electrical potential at the respective detection position during said movement of said series of activation wavefronts across the heart and to produce a respective electrode signal, and a processor configured to analyse the electrode signals to:
define a threshold value of Granger causality;
identify pairs of the electrode signals between which there is a Granger causality over the defined threshold value;
define a Granger causality vector between the two electrode positions of each of the pairs of electrodes;
define a plurality of regions of the heart;
analyse the Granger causality vectors in the plurality of regions of the heart to determine an organization measure for each of the regions, and to select one of the plurality of regions based on the organization measure;
identify a potential driver location within said one of the plurality of regions; and
analyse a direction of a plurality of the Granger causality vectors around the potential driver position thereby to generate an indicator of a presence of a driver at the potential driver location;
wherein the organization measure includes a measure of the number of said pairs of electrodes within said one of the regions that have a Granger causality over the defined threshold; and
wherein the processor is arranged to analyse the direction of a plurality of the Granger causality vectors around the potential driver location by defining a relative position vector for each of the pairs of electrodes, related to a relative position of at least one of the pair of electrodes and the potential driver position, and, for each pair of electrodes, forming a vector cross product between the Granger causality vector and the relative position vector.