| CPC H10B 51/20 (2023.02) [G11C 15/04 (2013.01); G11C 15/046 (2013.01); H10B 43/00 (2023.02); H10B 51/00 (2023.02); H10B 51/10 (2023.02)] | 13 Claims |

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1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a stack structure including a plurality of conductive patterns;
a channel layer penetrating the stack structure; and
a memory layer penetrating the stack structure, the memory layer surrounding the channel layer between the channel layer and the stack structure,
wherein air gaps are defined between the conductive patterns,
wherein the memory layer includes memory parts between the conductive patterns and the channel layer and dummy parts between the air gaps and the channel layer,
wherein the memory parts and the dummy parts have ferroelectricity, and
wherein a maximum residual polarization intensity of the memory parts is greater than that of the dummy parts.
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