| CPC H04L 45/72 (2013.01) [H04L 45/74 (2013.01); H04L 61/50 (2022.05); H04L 61/5069 (2022.05); G06N 20/00 (2019.01); H04L 2101/622 (2022.05)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A routing rule management method, comprising:
receiving, by a first user plane function network element through a protocol data unit (PDU) session, a first data packet from a terminal, wherein a first source address of the first data packet is a first address;
generating, by the first user plane function network element when the first address is an unknown media access control (MAC) address, a first routing rule corresponding to the PDU session, wherein the first routing rule is configured to forward, to the PDU session, a data packet sent to the first address;
generating, by the first user plane function network element, a second data packet, wherein a second source address of the second data packet is the first address, and wherein a destination address of the second data packet is a broadcast address or a multicast address; and
forwarding, by the first user plane function network element, the second data packet and MAC address self-learning indication information to an internal interface of the first user plane function network element.
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