| CPC H01B 3/46 (2013.01) [C08L 83/06 (2013.01); H01B 7/1805 (2013.01); H01B 7/285 (2013.01); H02G 1/16 (2013.01); C08L 2201/08 (2013.01); C08L 2203/206 (2013.01); C08L 2314/08 (2013.01)] | 34 Claims |
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1. A method for extending the useful life of an insulated cable, comprising injecting, into a cable having a stranded conductor encased in a polymeric insulation jacket, a dielectric gel formulation containing:
(a) an Si—H endblocked polydiorganosiloxane fluid with the formula H(R2SiO)x(R2Si)H, wherein R is independently selected from alkyl radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or the phenyl radical and the average value of x is 1 to 40, and having a viscosity of 0.5 to about 100 centistokes at 25° C.;
(b) a polydiorganosiloxane fluid endblocked with groups containing unsaturated carbon-carbon functionality and having a kinematic viscosity of 0.5 to about 100 centistokes at 25° C.;
(c) a hydrosilylation catalyst suitable to cure the mixture of parts (a) and (b); and
(d) at least one organoalkoxysilane functional additive selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a hindered phenolic-based alkoxysilane compound of formula (XIX) or (XIXa):
 wherein:
S1 and S2 are C1-C10 branched alkyl;
m is zero or one;
T is C, O or S;
A is a linear or branched alkylene radical containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or can be
 where S3, S4 and S5 are linear or branched alkylene radicals containing a total of between 3 and 10 carbon atoms;
X is a linear or branched alkyl radical containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and preferably the methyl radical;
Y is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4 acyloxy, C1-C4 alkyloxy, amino, amino-oxy or silyloxy, and preferably C1-C2 alkyloxy; and
n is one, two or three;
(ii) a metallocene-based alkoxysilane compound of formula 1
 wherein:
m is 1-4;
A is a linear or branched alkylene radical containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or one of
 where S3, S4 and S5 are linear or branched alkylene radicals containing a total of between 3 and 10 carbon atoms;
T is oxygen or sulfur;
X is a linear or branched alkyl radical containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
Y is C1-C4 acyloxy, C1-C4 alkyloxy, amino, amino-oxy or silyloxy; and
n is one, two or three;
(iii) a hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS)-based alkoxylsilane compound of formula (XI)
 wherein:
m+n is a number from 1 to 40, n varies from zero to 50% of the sum m+n;
A is —O—;
T1 and T4 which can be identical or different are methyl, methoxy, ethoxy or OH;
T2 is trimethylene or is also a direct bond if A is —O— and T1 and T4 are methyl;
T3 is methyl, C7-C9 alkyl or cyclohexyl;
T5 is C1-C12 alkyl;
X1 is as defined for T1 or is a group (CH3)3SiO—; and
X2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, a group (CH3)3Si— or, if n is zero and T1 and X1 are methyl,
X2 is also a group of the formula (XIII)
 and, if m+n is a number from 3 to 10, X1 and X2 together can also be a direct bond; and
(iv) a benztriazole-based UV absorber based alkoxysilane compound of formula (I) or (II)
 wherein:
G1 and G6 are independently hydrogen or halogen;
G2 and G7 are independently H, cyano, perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, fluoro, chloro, —CO-G3, —COOG3, —CONHG3, —CON(G3)2, E3SO—, E3SO2—, —PO(C6H5)2,
 O—CO—NH-T2-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n or —CO—X-T1-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n,
or G7 is also hydrogen,
or G2 may also be hydrogen when E1 is a group of formula (IV) or (V) (see below);
T1 and T2 are independently alkylene of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably alkylene of 2 or 3 carbon atoms, or alkylene-phenylene-alkylene of 8 to 20 carbon atoms;
R1 and R2 are independently alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms or phenylalkyl of 7 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl;
n is 1, 2 or 3;
X is —O—, —NE4- or —NH—;
G3 is hydrogen, straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by 1 to 4 alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
E1 is hydrogen, straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 24 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by 1 to 4 alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or by one or more of the following groups -T1-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n, -T1-X—CO—X-T2-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n, -T1-CO—X-T2-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n, —X-T1-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n, or —X-T1-X—CO—X-T2-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n,
or E1 is alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms substituted by one or two hydroxy groups,
or E1 is a group of formula (IV) or (V):
 wherein:
E27 and E28 are independently alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms,
E22, E23, E24, E25 and E26 are independently hydrogen, halogen, straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, said alkyl or said alkenyl substituted by one or more halogen, —OCOE11, —OE4, —NCO, —NHCOE11, or —NE7E8, or mixtures thereof, where E4 is straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms; or said alkyl or said alkenyl interrupted by one or more —O—, —NH— or —NE4-groups or mixtures thereof and which can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more —OH, —OE4 or —NH2, or mixtures thereof, or
E22, E23, E24, E25 and E26 are independently phenyl, —OH, —OCOE11, —OE29, —NCO, —NHCOE11, or —NE7E8, cyano, nitro, perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, —COG3, —COOG3, —CON(G3)2, —CONHG3, E3S—, E3SO—, E3SO2—, —P(O)(C6H5)2, —P(O)OG3)2, —SO2—X1-E29, where X1 is —O—, —NH— or —NE4-;
E29 is straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, said alkyl or said alkenyl substituted by one or more —OH, OCOE11, —OE4, —NCO, —NHCOE11, —NE7E8, phthalimido,
 or mixtures thereof, where E4 is straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms; or said alkyl or said alkenyl interrupted by one or more —O—, —NH— or —NE4-groups or mixtures thereof and which can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more —OH, —OE4 or —NH2, or mixtures thereof; or E29 is phenyl or phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted by one to three alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
E2 and E9 are independently hydrogen, straight or branched alkyl chain of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by one to three alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or by one or more of the following groups -T1-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n, -T1-X—CO—X-T2-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n, -T1-CO—X-T2-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n, —X-T1-Si(OR2)n(R1)3- or —X-T1-X—CO—X-T2-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n; or E2 and E9 are independently said alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or said alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms substituted by one or more —OH, —OCOE11, —OE4, —NCO, —NH2, —NHCOE11, —NHE4 or —N(E4)2, or mixtures thereof, where E4 is straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms; or said alkyl or said alkenyl interrupted by one or more —O—, —NH— or —NE4- groups or mixtures thereof and which can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more —OH, OE4 or —NH2 groups or mixtures thereof; or
E1, E2 and E9 are also independently -T1-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n, -T1-X—CO—X-T2-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n or -T1-CO—X-T2-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n;
E11 is hydrogen, straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl of 6 to 14 carbon atoms or phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms;
L is alkylene of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkylidene of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, benzylidene, p-xylylene, cycloalkylidene of 5 to 12 carbon atoms or α,α,α′,α′-tetramethyl-m-xylylene;
E3 is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, said alkyl substituted by alkoxycarbonyl of 2 to 9 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms or said aryl substituted by one or two alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluoroalkyl where the perfluoroalkyl moiety is of 6 to 16 carbon atoms;
E5 and E8 are independently the same as E2; or E5 and E8 are independently hydrogen, —X-E1, —X—CO-E2, —X—CO—X1, —X-T1-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n or —X-T1-X—CO—X-T2-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n, where X1 is-NH-E4 or —X-E2;
with the proviso that at least one of G2, G7, E1, E2, E5, E8 and E9 contains a group -T1-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n, -T1-X—CO—X-T2-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n, -T1-CO—X-T2-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n, —X-T1-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n or X-T1-X—CO—X-T2-Si(OR2)n(R1)3-n; where T1 and T2 are independently alkylene of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or alkylene-phenylene-alkylene of 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and R1 and R2 are independently alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms or phenylalkyl of 7 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms or phenyl, and n is 1, 2 or 3; and
wherein, after injection, the mixture of parts (a) and (b) is cured into a non-flowable gel in the cable, and wherein the at least one functional additive diffuses into the polymeric insulation.
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