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1. An airborne super-continuum 50-band hyperspectral light detection and ranging system, comprising an integrated control system, a storage unit, a super-continuum laser system, an optical transmitting system, a reflecting mirror, a scanning system, an optical receiving system, a super-continuum hyperspectral laser detection system, a plane array CCD camera, a GPS and an IMU; wherein the integrated control system is configured to, through a bus, control the super-continuum laser system to emit continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light, control the scanning system to perform zigzag scanning, control the super-continuum hyperspectral laser detection system to handle the continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light reflected by a ground object into laser hyperspectrum and 3D spatial data, control the plane array CCD camera to take pictures to acquire multi-spectral data with high resolution, control a POS system composed of the GPS and the IMU to acquire precise position information, time information, flight velocity information, course information, pitching information and rolling information of a flight platform, and navigate the flight platform; wherein acquired laser hyperspectral data, 3D spatial data and multi-spectral data of the ground object are stored in the storage unit; wherein the airborne super-continuum 50-band hyperspectral light detection and ranging system is configured to emit 400-900 nm continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light and simultaneously acquire the laser hyperspectral data with 10 nm spectral resolution, the 3D spatial data with ground resolution better than 0.5 meters and multi-spectral data with high resolution of the ground object; wherein the optical transmitting system is directed at an optical output pupil of the super-continuum laser system through an optical input pupil, the continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light being transmitted to the scanning system through the reflecting mirror, the optical transmitting system adopting a reflective optical system structure and an off-axis two-mirror high-order aspherical structure based on a design constraint of super-large relative aperture and miniaturization to achieve full-band imaging with no chromatic aberration and high image quality, a primary mirror of the optical transmitting system being a convex hyperboloid structure, which adopts a Hindle ball null compensator inspection technology to implement an interference detection of an optical path by focus auto-collimation, a secondary mirror of the optical transmitting system being quadratic aspheric surface structure, which adopts a high-precision null compensator inspection technology to complete a surface shape precision detection of the reflecting mirror; wherein the reflecting mirror is at an angle of 45 degree with the continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light emitted by the optical transmitting system, receives the continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light emitted by the optical transmitting system and reflects the continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light to the scanning system; wherein the scanning system comprises a scan mirror, a torque motor, a photoelectric encoder and a base; wherein the scan mirror is a two-facet symmetrical structure and is made of materials with high specific rigidity, the photoelectric encoder transmitting position information of the scan mirror to the integrated control system in real time, the integrated control system correcting rotation speed information of the scanning system when a line is scanned and adjusting a scan arc of the scan mirror to avoid error accumulation, the scanning system adopting a receiving-emitting coaxial zigzag scanning mode to emit the continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light or receive the continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light reflected by the ground object, the integrated control system controlling the scanning system through the bus to rotate the torque motor, to drive the scan mirror to scan, which achieves a ground resolution better than 0.5 meters by changing the scan arc with the changing height; wherein the optical receiving system receives the continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light reflected by the scanning system through a primary mirror, and focus the continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light after two reflections to the super-continuum hyperspectral laser detection system by a secondary mirror; wherein the super-continuum hyperspectral laser detection system comprises a optical receiving unit, a coupled transmission fiber, a slit, a correction lens, a concave grating and a detection unit, wherein the detection unit comprises an optical grating, a photocathode, a mesh, a focus electrode, an anode, a deflection plate, a MPC, a phosphor screen, a camera, an image processing unit, a full-waveform inversion unit, a time sequence controller, a delayer, and a trigger voltage generator, the super-continuum hyperspectral laser detection system receiving the continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light transmitted by the optical receiving system through the slit, and outputting laser hyperspectral data with 10 nm spectral resolution and 3D spatial data with ground resolution better than 0.5 meters of the ground object, the detection unit acquiring spatial, temporal and spectral data of the ground object by the continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light received by the optical grating.
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