| CPC C09D 11/14 (2013.01) [A61L 27/08 (2013.01); A61L 27/20 (2013.01); A61L 27/36 (2013.01); A61L 27/3625 (2013.01); A61L 27/367 (2013.01); A61L 27/3675 (2013.01); A61L 27/3691 (2013.01); A61L 27/38 (2013.01); A61L 27/3826 (2013.01); A61L 27/383 (2013.01); A61L 27/3834 (2013.01); A61L 27/3873 (2013.01); A61L 27/3895 (2013.01); A61L 27/443 (2013.01); A61L 27/50 (2013.01); A61N 1/0536 (2013.01); A61N 1/3605 (2013.01); A61N 1/36067 (2013.01); A61N 1/36082 (2013.01); A61N 1/362 (2013.01); B33Y 70/00 (2014.12); B33Y 80/00 (2014.12); C09D 4/00 (2013.01); C09D 7/67 (2018.01); C09D 11/03 (2013.01); C09D 11/037 (2013.01); C09D 11/30 (2013.01); C09D 11/324 (2013.01); C09D 11/38 (2013.01); C09D 11/52 (2013.01); C12N 5/0062 (2013.01); C12N 5/0619 (2013.01); C12N 5/0657 (2013.01); C12N 5/0691 (2013.01); C12N 5/0693 (2013.01); C12N 5/0697 (2013.01); A61L 2300/412 (2013.01); A61L 2300/64 (2013.01); A61L 2400/12 (2013.01); A61L 2430/20 (2013.01); A61L 2430/32 (2013.01); B82Y 30/00 (2013.01); C12N 2501/90 (2013.01); C12N 2501/999 (2013.01); C12N 2513/00 (2013.01); C12N 2533/78 (2013.01); C12N 2539/00 (2013.01)] | 7 Claims |

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1. A biocompatible and electrically conductive three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel comprising nanocellulose, wherein the 3D hydrogel in its final form for bioprinting or injecting into tissue is non-dried, wherein the nanocellulose comprises one or more of bacterial cellulose, cellulose nanofibrils, cellulose nanocrystals, or disintegrated bacterial cellulose, wherein the nanocellulose is isolated from tunicates, bacteria, plants, and/or algae, wherein the non-dried 3D hydrogel further comprises graphitic-based electrically conductive nanomaterials, and wherein the non-dried 3D hydrogel in its final form is bioprinted to form three-dimensionally bioprinted structures or injected into tissue.
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