| CPC H01M 8/04649 (2013.01) [H01M 8/04305 (2013.01); H01M 8/04589 (2013.01); H01M 8/04679 (2013.01); H01M 8/04753 (2013.01); H01M 8/0491 (2013.01); H01M 8/04992 (2013.01)] | 10 Claims | 

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               1. A method of monitoring a fuel cell system performed by a controller of the fuel cell system, comprising: 
            determining an impedance of a set of fuel cells using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; 
                determining an ohmic polarization of the set of fuel cells from the impedance; 
                determining a concentration polarization of the set of fuel cells from the impedance; 
                comparing the ohmic polarization of the set of fuel cells to a first threshold; 
                comparing the concentration polarization of the set of fuel cells to a second threshold; and 
                initiating a corrective action when the ohmic polarization crosses the first threshold or when the concentration polarization crosses the second threshold, 
                wherein the corrective action comprises one or more of initiating a stack recovery sequence, varying fuel supplied to the set of fuel cells, varying output current from the set of fuel cells, adjusting a component in the fuel cell system, and sounding an alarm for an operator to take action. 
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