| CPC G07C 9/28 (2020.01) [H04W 12/0431 (2021.01); H04W 12/06 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A method comprising:
detecting a wireless signal indicative of an authentication protocol between an authentication terminal of a vehicle and an access device associated with the authentication terminal;
determining whether the access device is permitted to access the vehicle; and
in response to detecting the wireless signal and determining that the access device is not permitted to access the vehicle, outputting an interference signal to disrupt authentication of the access device by the authentication terminal.
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