| CPC H10N 60/128 (2023.02) [G06N 10/40 (2022.01); H10N 60/01 (2023.02); H10N 60/11 (2023.02)] | 23 Claims |

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1. A quantum dot device, comprising:
a quantum well layer;
a first insulator material over the quantum well layer, wherein the first insulator material includes an opening;
a gate metal having a first portion vertically stacked over the first insulator material and having a second portion extending into the opening;
a conductive material proximate to the opening, wherein the conductive material is vertically stacked between the quantum well layer and the first portion of the gate metal; and
a second insulator material between the conductive material and the opening.
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