| CPC G06V 40/1306 (2022.01) [G01N 27/4145 (2013.01); H10D 30/015 (2025.01); H10N 30/302 (2023.02)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a first side and a second side opposite to the first side, wherein the substrate comprises a semiconductor layer;
a gate electrode disposed on the first side of the substrate;
source and drain regions disposed in the substrate;
a channel region disposed between the source region and the drain region; and
a piezoelectric sensor disposed on the second side of the substrate and adjacent to the gate electrode, wherein the piezoelectric sensor and the gate electrode are laterally separated from each other by a portion of the substrate.
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