| CPC G06N 3/08 (2013.01) [G06F 18/2113 (2023.01); G06F 18/2155 (2023.01); G06F 18/22 (2023.01)] | 22 Claims |

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1. A method comprising:
discovering, using a modulated contrastive loss, a first object in a plurality of training images, wherein the plurality of training images includes a first training image;
embedding a description of the first object in a pattern space, wherein the pattern space is a subset of a latent space of an autoencoder;
identifying, using the pattern space, a second object in a first data image, wherein a second plurality of images includes the first data image; and
presenting a first annotated image of the first data image on a display screen, wherein a first bounding box of the first annotated image is associated with a first pattern vector in the pattern space,
wherein the modulated contrastive loss is in the form of an objectness score multiplied by a contrastive loss value, the objectness score is based on a combination of a histogram score with a background score, the background score is a distance from the first pattern vector to a background cluster center, and the background cluster center is found using a K-means algorithm applied to pairs of patches from the plurality of training images.
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