| CPC G03G 9/09725 (2013.01) [G03G 9/0819 (2013.01)] | 6 Claims |

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1. An external additive for a toner, comprising:
a silica particle surface-treated with a polyhydric acid metal salt particle, wherein
the polyhydric acid metal salt particle is a particle of a titanium phosphate compound or a titanium carbonate compound, and
the external additive has a relative dielectric constant of 2.10 to 2.20 at the frequency at which a dielectric loss tangent tan δ is minimum in a sweep frequency range of 1 MHz to 0.01 Hz.
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