| CPC G02F 1/01 (2013.01) [G02F 1/167 (2013.01); G02F 1/1676 (2019.01); G02F 1/1679 (2019.01); G02F 2202/28 (2013.01)] | 12 Claims |

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1. An electrophoretic display comprising:
an integrated backplane including:
a back electrode layer,
a polymer layer,
a metal foil layer, and
a substrate;
a layer of electrophoretic material disposed adjacent the integrated backplane;
a light-transmissive electrode layer adjacent the layer of electrophoretic material; and
an integrated front barrier including:
a top protective layer,
a moisture barrier layer, and
an optically-clear adhesive, wherein the optically-clear adhesive joins the moisture barrier layer and the integrated backplane to create an edge seal,
wherein the integrated front barrier is deformed at the edges toward the integrated backplane to envelope the layer of electrophoretic material and the light-transmissive electrode layer in a central portion while joining the moisture barrier layer and the integrated backplane along an edge of the electrophoretic display, and
wherein the distance between an edge of the light transmissive electrode layer and an outer edge of the integrated backplane is 0.5 mm or less.
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