| CPC H04L 9/0643 (2013.01) [H04L 9/0825 (2013.01); H04L 9/3247 (2013.01); H04L 9/50 (2022.05); H04L 2209/16 (2013.01)] | 14 Claims |

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1. An apparatus, comprising:
a hardware processor configured to:
generate a block comprising a plurality of blockchain transactions;
identify a blockchain transaction, among the plurality of blockchain transactions, in the block which comprises noisy key-value pairs stored therein and which are configured to change valid key-value pairs stored on a blockchain ledger to the noisy key-value pairs based on a tag value included in the block, wherein
the tag value identifies the blockchain transaction as a noisy blockchain transaction,
the block further includes a key identifier indicative of a secret key that encrypts the tag value, and
the identification as the noisy blockchain transaction includes decrypting the tag value based on the secret key indicated by the key identifier; and
execute an update to the blockchain ledger based on the plurality of blockchain transactions included in the block, wherein the hardware processor is configured to skip execution of the noisy blockchain transaction which changes the valid key-value pairs stored on the blockchain ledger to the noisy key-value pairs based on the identification.
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