| CPC H01S 5/423 (2013.01) [H01S 5/0215 (2013.01); H01S 5/02253 (2021.01); H01S 5/18305 (2013.01); H01S 5/18311 (2013.01); H01S 5/18377 (2013.01); H01S 5/1838 (2013.01); H01S 5/3095 (2013.01); H01S 5/04257 (2019.08); H01S 5/18369 (2013.01); H01S 5/18388 (2013.01)] | 18 Claims |

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1. A vertical cavity surface emitting laser element, comprising:
a first substrate that includes a first material and an active layer;
a second substrate that includes a second material, wherein
the second substrate is bonded to the first substrate,
light having a specific wavelength is transmittable through the second material, and
the second material is different from the first material;
a first distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) layer on a side of the first substrate opposite to the second substrate,
wherein the first DBR layer is configured to reflect the light having the specific wavelength;
a second DBR layer on a side of the second substrate opposite to the first substrate,
wherein the second DBR layer is configured to reflect the light having the specific wavelength; and
a third substrate on the side of the first substrate opposite to the second substrate, wherein
the first DBR layer is on a side of the third substrate opposite to the first substrate, and
the third substrate includes a third material having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the first material.
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