| CPC G01N 15/1484 (2013.01) [G01N 15/1459 (2013.01); G01R 23/02 (2013.01); G01R 23/16 (2013.01); G01N 2015/1486 (2013.01); G01N 2015/1493 (2013.01); G06F 2218/10 (2023.01)] | 23 Claims |

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1. An optical device comprising:
a low-noise illumination source configured to generate a beam of radiation;
a support device configured to support an object and allow the beam of radiation to pass through the object, wherein the object directly blocks, absorbs, or deflects portions of the beam of radiation, thereby directly modulating the beam of radiation;
a low-noise detector configured to detect the modulated beam of radiation and to output an analog signal representative of vibrational spectra of the object, wherein the modulated beam of radiation is non-interferometric;
an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert the analog signal into a digital signal; and
a controller configured to generate a vibrational spectrum of the object from the digital signal represented as a range of events over a time period,
wherein the vibrational spectrum is in the sub-sonic frequency range.
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