| CPC A61B 18/02 (2013.01) [A61B 18/0218 (2013.01); A61B 18/1206 (2013.01); A61B 18/1477 (2013.01); A61B 18/1492 (2013.01); A61B 2017/00867 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00011 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00077 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00166 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00178 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00351 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00577 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00613 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00648 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00714 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00761 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00767 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00791 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00839 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00994 (2013.01); A61B 2018/0212 (2013.01); A61B 2018/0262 (2013.01); A61B 2018/1253 (2013.01); A61B 2018/126 (2013.01); A61B 2018/1467 (2013.01); A61B 2218/002 (2013.01); A61B 2560/0266 (2013.01); A61M 25/0102 (2013.01); A61M 25/0158 (2013.01)] | 11 Claims |

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1. A multimodality ablation system for creating a lesion in target tissue, the system comprising:
a catheter, said catheter comprising:
a linear non-expanding and non-inflatable freezing portion;
at least one cryogen delivery lumen extending along the freezing portion;
at least one cryogen return lumen extending along the freezing portion;
an endcap extending from the freezing portion and comprising a fixed shape defining an internal cavity in which a cryogen is exchanged between the at least one cryogen delivery lumen and the at least one cryogen return lumen; and
a plurality of electrodes on an exterior surface of the freezing portion;
a cryogen controller, the cryogen controller operable to, for a first duration, circulate a cryogen through the freezing portion using the at least one cryogen delivery and return tubes such that a first volume of target tissue around the freezing portion is frozen, said first volume of target tissue comprising an interior, an ice penetration depth, and a boundary layer; and
a pulsed field ablation generator operably coupled to the plurality of electrodes to, for a second duration, create a pulsed field of electricity and defining an electric field depth to induce cell death in the target tissue at the boundary layer of the first volume of target tissue, and
wherein ablation arising from the pulsed field ablation generator is coordinated with ablation arising from the cryogen controller such that the electric field depth matches, but does not extend beyond, the ice penetration depth.
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