US 12,131,713 B2
Continuous waveform driving in multi-color electrophoretic displays
Amit Deliwala, Andover, MA (US); and Sunil Krishna Sainis, Melrose, MA (US)
Assigned to E Ink Corporation, Billerica, MA (US)
Filed by E INK CORPORATION, Billerica, MA (US)
Filed on Feb. 7, 2022, as Appl. No. 17/666,013.
Claims priority of provisional application 63/147,465, filed on Feb. 9, 2021.
Prior Publication US 2022/0262323 A1, Aug. 18, 2022
Int. Cl. G02F 1/167 (2019.01); G02F 1/1676 (2019.01); G02F 1/1685 (2019.01); G09G 3/34 (2006.01)
CPC G09G 3/344 (2013.01) [G02F 1/167 (2013.01); G02F 1/1676 (2019.01); G02F 1/1685 (2019.01); G09G 2300/0842 (2013.01); G09G 2330/021 (2013.01)] 6 Claims
OG exemplary drawing
 
1. A display system comprising:
a first light transmissive electrode;
an electrophoretic medium comprising at least four types of particles, wherein each of the at least four types of particles has a different optical property from each other, and each of the at least four types of particles has a different combination of charge polarity and charge magnitude from each other;
a second electrode, wherein the electrophoretic medium is disposed between the first light transmissive electrode and the second electrode;
a controller; and
a power supply operatively connected to the first light transmissive electrode and the second electrode and configured to provide at least 16 unique voltage levels, wherein the controller applies at least three of the unique voltage levels between the first light transmissive electrode and the second electrode when while the electrophoretic medium is being updated from a first display state to a second display state, wherein the controller is configured to determine a continuous driving waveform for driving the electrophoretic medium from a first optical state to a second optical state while minimizing a cost function based upon a differentiable surrogate model of the electrophoretic medium.