| CPC G02F 1/3503 (2021.01) [A61L 2/10 (2013.01); G02F 1/3551 (2013.01); G02F 1/37 (2013.01); A61L 2202/11 (2013.01)] | 12 Claims |

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1. An electromagnetic radiation frequency, or equivalent wavelength, converter, the converter comprising:
a nonlinear optical component or part comprising or consisting of a predetermined non-linear optical material, and
a guiding module, the guiding module
having a predetermined geometry defining or controlling an effective refractive index of the guiding module, and
configured to receive and guide pump light resulting in a guided pump beam,
wherein:
the nonlinear component or part is bonded with or joined to the guiding module, where the bonding or joining is configured to allow at least a part of the guided pump beam to overlap and/or evanescently couple into the nonlinear optical material, and
the nonlinear optical component or part is configured to convert the guided pump beam in the nonlinear optical material to an un-guided signal mode radiated as an output light signal at a different frequency or an equivalent wavelength,
wherein the converter is configured to enable Cherenkov phase-matching at a predetermined Cherenkov angle in relation to light received in the guiding module by controlling the effective refractive index of the guiding module with respect to a refractive index of the output light signal in the nonlinear optical component.
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