| CPC G01R 31/396 (2019.01) [G01R 31/364 (2019.01); G01R 31/388 (2019.01); H01M 10/4285 (2013.01); H01M 10/44 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims | 

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               1. A method, comprising: 
            obtaining an open-circuit voltage of a rechargeable battery and a negative electrode open-circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery based on a state of charge of the rechargeable battery; 
                obtaining a negative electrode polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the open-circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery, a terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery, and a polarization proportion of the rechargeable battery, wherein the polarization proportion of the rechargeable battery represents a proportion that is of the negative electrode polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery to a polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery and that is obtained when the rechargeable battery is at a lithium plating critical point; 
                obtaining a negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the negative electrode open-circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the negative electrode polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery; and 
                determining, based on the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery, whether lithium plating occurs in the rechargeable battery. 
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