| CPC C10L 1/2383 (2013.01) [C10L 10/18 (2013.01); C10L 2200/0423 (2013.01)] | 22 Claims |
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1. A fuel additive for a spark-ignition engine comprising:
a detergent including one or more Mannich detergent additives and one or more Mannich-based quaternary ammonium salt detergent additives;
wherein the one or more Mannich detergent additives include the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol or cresol, one or more aldehydes, and one or more amines;
wherein the one or more Mannich-based quaternary ammonium salt detergent additives include (i) a Mannich reaction product or derivative thereof having at least one tertiary amino group and prepared from a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol, cresol, or derivative thereof, an aldehyde, and a hydrocarbyl amine or polyamine providing the tertiary amino group and reacted with (ii) a quaternizing agent selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic or polycarboxylic acid, ester, amide, or salt thereof or halogen substituted derivative thereof; and
wherein about 2 to about 50 weight percent of the detergent is the one or more Mannich-based quaternary ammonium salt detergent additives.
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