| CPC C02F 1/4691 (2013.01) [B01D 61/428 (2022.08); C02F 1/4602 (2013.01); C02F 2101/10 (2013.01); C02F 2301/024 (2013.01); C02F 2303/22 (2013.01)] | 13 Claims | 

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               1. A water treatment apparatus comprising: 
            a capacitive deionisation apparatus; and 
                a water conditioning element; 
                wherein the water conditioning element comprises a metal alloy configured such that mineral ions within a flow of water, flowing over a surface of the water conditioning element, precipitate to provide a colloidal dispersion. 
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