| CPC G06V 10/25 (2022.01) [G06N 3/08 (2013.01); G06T 7/344 (2017.01); G06T 7/73 (2017.01); G06T 17/00 (2013.01); G06T 19/20 (2013.01); G06V 10/82 (2022.01); G06T 2207/20081 (2013.01); G06T 2207/20084 (2013.01); G06T 2207/30201 (2013.01); G06T 2219/2004 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A method for predicting keypoints by a computing system, the method comprising:
receiving, by the computing system, data indicative of a plurality of images;
generating, by the computing system, predictions for keypoints of the plurality of images as 2D random variables, normally distributed with location (x, y) and standard deviation sigma;
training, by the computing system, a neural network to maximize a log-likelihood that samples from each of the predicted keypoints equal a ground truth by minimizing a sum of Gaussian negative log likelihoods; wherein the training comprises introducing a conjugate prior of a Gaussian distribution of uncertainty values for the predicted keypoints;
using the trained neural network to predict keypoints of a 3D image without generating a heatmap; and
based on the predicted keypoints of the 3D image, outputting a fitted 3D model for rendering on a display device.
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