| CPC G02B 6/1228 (2013.01) [G02B 2006/12138 (2013.01)] | 17 Claims |

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1. An apparatus, comprising:
a photonic integrated circuit comprising one or more waveguides configured in a substrate, wherein a portion of a top surface of the substrate is substantially planar; and
a vacuum envelope comprising one or more walls coupled to the portion of the top surface of the substrate,
wherein each waveguide is configured to transmit light from a light input surface of the photonic integrated circuit exterior to the vacuum envelope to an interior of the vacuum envelope, and
wherein, for each waveguide:
the substrate comprises adjacent waveguide channels defining sidewall surfaces of the waveguide, and
the top surface of the substrate defines a top surface of the waveguide,
wherein each waveguide includes a bridge structure coupled to the one or more walls of the vacuum envelope and planar with the portion of the top surface of the substrate, and
wherein the bridge structure intersects the adjacent waveguide channels.
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