| CPC F17C 11/005 (2013.01) [C01B 3/0021 (2013.01); C01B 32/318 (2017.08); F17C 7/02 (2013.01); C01P 2006/12 (2013.01); C01P 2006/14 (2013.01); C01P 2006/16 (2013.01); F17C 2203/0325 (2013.01); F17C 2203/0391 (2013.01); F17C 2203/0631 (2013.01); F17C 2203/0646 (2013.01); F17C 2203/0648 (2013.01); F17C 2203/0673 (2013.01); F17C 2205/0323 (2013.01); F17C 2221/012 (2013.01); F17C 2227/0323 (2013.01); F17C 2250/03 (2013.01); F17C 2250/043 (2013.01); F17C 2250/0439 (2013.01); F17C 2250/0443 (2013.01); F17C 2250/0447 (2013.01); F17C 2250/0473 (2013.01); F17C 2250/0491 (2013.01)] | 12 Claims |
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1. A hydrogen fuel storage device, comprising:
an innermost shell forming a hydrogen storage space; wherein the hydrogen storage space is filled by porous carbon materials;
wherein the porous carbon materials derived from sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench); wherein the porous carbon materials are obtained by comprising steps performed in the following specific order:
i) preparing a bagasse sweet sorghum including steps:
(a) collecting sweet sorghum stalks (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench); in which the sweet sorghum stalks have 12-14 Brix, and moisture of 75%-85%;
(b) pressing the sweet sorghum stalks to collect bagasse; in which the bagasse includes the following characteristics: moisture of 45%-50%, 3-5 Brix, cellulose and hemicellulose content greater than 60%, and 13% lignin;
(c) grinding and sifting the bagasse;
(d) steaming the bagasse at step (c) at 121° C. for 27 minutes; mixing the bagasse after steaming with a preparation containing Brevibacillus thermoruber BT2 at a ratio of 0.5-1%, incubating at 25° C.-28° C., for 7-10 days to create a bagasse remove lignin;
(e) soaking the bagasse remove lignin at step (d) in a mixed solution containing furfural (C5H4O2), 2-aminophenol and deionized water at a ratio of 1:2 (wt/v); and then placed on a magnetic stirrer at 70° C. for 2-3 days; in which, the mixed solution contains the furfural (C5H4O2), the 2-aminophenol and the deionized water at a ratio of (3-4):1:80 (v/v); and
(f) drying said bagasse at step (c) at a temperature of 120° C., until the bagasse sweet sorghum reaches having moisture of 10%-15%; and then rinse once in deionized water and twice in 100% ethanol, to remove any remaining impurities;
wherein, the sweet sorghum bagasse has a specific gravity of materials is 0.1691±0.002 g/cm3;
ii) admixing a solid urea ((NH2)2CO) at a ratio of 2,2-6,5% w/w and pyrazine with content of 1%-3% into the bagasse sweet sorghum at step (i) to create a third foundation mixture having 1%-3% by weight of nitrogen content; in which urea ((NH2)2CO) having 46% by weight of nitrogen content;
iii) heating the third foundation mixture at step (ii) and carbonizing in an inert gas environment with a heating rate of 4° C./min until the temperature reaches 500° C., then maintaining the temperature of 500° C. for 2 hours to create a sweet sorghum biochar;
wherein, the inert gas environment is nitrogen (N2) or Argon (Ar);
wherein, the sweet sorghum biochar has a specific gravity of 0.1334±0.003 g/cm3;
iv) activating the sweet sorghum biochar at step (iii) comprising steps performed in the following formula:
(A) admixing 50 g of the sweet sorghum biochar at step (iii) with 150-200 g of an alkaline flake powder has a concentration of 80% and 1-3 g metal salt ZnCl2 or CuCl2 with stirring, then grinding to create a charcoal powder having a size of 1-2 mm; (B) adding 100 mL of distilled water to the charcoal powder at step (A) combined with stirring, then ultrasonic treatment at 20-40 kHz frequency for 20-25 hours to create a sixth temporary mixture;
(C) drying the sixth temporary mixture at step (B) at 120° C. for 24 hours to create a seventh temporary mixture;
(D) heating the seventh temporary mixture at step (C) comprising two stages:
first stage: heating the seventh temporary mixture with a heating rate of 3° C./min until the temperature reaches 300° C. and maintaining the temperature of 300° C. for 1 hour;
second stage: continue the heating process of the seventh temporary mixture with a heating rate of 3° C./min until the temperature reaches 800° C. and maintain the temperature of 800° C. for 2 hours, to create an eighth temporary mixture; and
(E) cooling the eighth temporary mixture, then a first washing by 0.5 liters of hydrochloric acid (HCl) 0.1M solution, and a second washing by distilled water until the washing water has a pH of 6-7 to create a basic mixture;
v) drying the basic mixture at step (iv) at 110° C. for 12 hours to create the porous carbon materials;
an inner shell forms a shape surrounding the innermost shell;
a nitrogen storage space is formed between the innermost shell and the inner shell; wherein the nitrogen storage space contains liquid nitrogen that regulates the temperature of the hydrogen storage space;
an insulation layer surrounding the outer surface of the inner shell; wherein the insulation layer is made of aerogel material;
an outer shell surrounding the insulation layer;
a vacuum space is formed between the insulation layer and the outer shell;
a hydrogen fuel input is connected and communicated with the hydrogen storage space, configured to deliver liquid and/or gaseous hydrogen fuel from a liquid hydrogen fuel tank and/or a gaseous hydrogen fuel tank into the hydrogen storage space;
a hydrogen fuel output is connected and communicated with the hydrogen storage space, configured to discharge hydrogen fuel out of the hydrogen storage space;
a nitrogen input is connected and communicated with the nitrogen storage space, configured to deliver liquid nitrogen from nitrogen tank into the nitrogen storage space;
a nitrogen output is connected and communicated with the nitrogen storage space, configured to discharge nitrogen out of the nitrogen storage space;
a plurality of heating equipment is arranged inside the nitrogen storage space, wherein the liquid nitrogen contained in the nitrogen storage space is heated by means of the heating equipment, thereby increasing the temperature of the hydrogen storage space to release the hydrogen fuel from the porous carbon materials; and
a plurality of sensors is arranged inside the hydrogen storage space and the nitrogen storage space.
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