CPC C07C 2/32 (2013.01) [B01J 19/0006 (2013.01); B01J 19/0013 (2013.01); B01J 2219/0006 (2013.01); B01J 2219/00065 (2013.01); C07C 2531/22 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |
1. A process comprising:
a) introducing at least 1) ethylene, 2) a catalyst system or catalyst system components comprising i) a heteroatomic ligand transition metal compound complex and an organoaluminum compound or ii) a heteroatomic ligand, a transition metal compound, and an organoaluminum compound, 3) optionally, an organic reaction medium, and 4) optionally, hydrogen into a reaction mixture within a reaction zone;
b) forming an oligomer product in the reaction zone; and
c) controlling a pressure in a heat exchange system to provide a reaction mixture temperature within the reaction zone, the heat exchange system comprising a first heat exchanger providing indirect contact between at least a portion of the reaction mixture and a first heat exchange medium, the first heat exchanger comprising a first heat exchange surface having
i) a first heat exchange surface first side in contact with the at least a portion of the reaction mixture, and
ii) a first heat exchange surface second side in contact with the first heat exchange medium;
where a pressure on the first heat exchange surface second side is less than 1 atmosphere (101.3 kPa); and
where the first heat exchange medium has a boiling point at 1 atmosphere (101.3 kPa) greater than an average reaction mixture temperature on the first heat exchange surface first side and a boiling point at the pressure on the first heat exchange surface second side less than the average reaction mixture temperature on the first heat exchange surface first side, and
where a temperature difference between the average reaction mixture temperature on the first heat exchange surface first side and a first heat exchange medium temperature on the first heat exchange surface second side is less than 20° C.
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