| CPC H04B 10/07 (2013.01) [H04B 10/40 (2013.01); H04B 10/616 (2013.01); H04J 3/14 (2013.01); H04L 25/4908 (2013.01); H04L 49/9057 (2013.01); H04J 2203/006 (2013.01)] | 18 Claims |

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1. A coherent optical transmitter comprising circuitry configured to:
obtain information for a message to be transmitted to an adjacent coherent optical receiver,
modulate the information on a plurality of symbols that are part of a defined Digital Signal Processing (DSP) frame structure, and
cause transmission, to the adjacent coherent optical receiver, of the DSP frame with the information modulated on the plurality of symbols, wherein the transmission includes repeating the information for reception at the adjacent coherent optical receiver prior to Forward Error Correction decoding in a data path.
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