	US 12,444,947 B2
	Battery storage formulation and impact on day ahead security constrained unit commitment
Yonghong Chen, Zionsville, IN (US); and Ross Baldick, Austin, TX (US)
Assigned to MIDCONTINENT INDEPENDENT SYSTEM OPERATOR, INC., Carmel, IN (US)
Filed by Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc., Carmel, IN (US)
Filed on Jul. 7, 2022, as Appl. No. 17/859,923.
Claims priority of provisional application 63/219,201, filed on Jul. 7, 2021.
Prior Publication US 2023/0026455 A1, Jan. 26, 2023
Int. Cl. H02J 13/00 (2006.01); H02J 3/32 (2006.01)

CPC H02J 3/32 (2013.01) [H02J 13/00002 (2020.01); H02J 2203/20 (2020.01)]

14 Claims

1. A method of incorporating battery storage into a day ahead energy market clearing case, the method comprising:

incorporating battery storage in a day ahead market clearing case; and

applying an enhanced state of charge (SOC) formulation to a representation of battery storage in the day ahead market clearing case, wherein the SOC formulation utilizes a tightened battery storage model as follows:

UCED_BIN_T=Min Σ_t=1^T[−C_t^pp_t+C_t^gg_t]+C_k(x_k,y_k⁰)

s.t. (1) (2) (3) (5), (15)-(18), (24) (25)

where,

indexes are,

t is index of dispatch interval, and

k is index of generators,

input parameters are,

C_t^pis the battery offer for charging at interval t in $/MWh,

C_t^gis the battery offer for discharging at interval t in $/MWh,

D_tis net load at interval t in MW,

s₀is initial state of charge in MWh,

α, β is storage round trip efficiency,

g, p is maximum limit for discharging and charging, in MW, and

s,s is minimum and maximum state of charge limit, in MWh, decision variables for time t are,

g_k,tis cleared energy on generator k,

g_tis cleared discharging energy MW on battery,

p_tis cleared charging energy MW on battery,

u_tis binary variable on battery charging and discharging, and

s_tis battery state of charge in MWh,

and functions are,

F_k(⋅) is constraints specifying feasible region of generator k, and

C_k(⋅) is cost function of generator k.