| CPC H01M 4/386 (2013.01) [H01M 4/366 (2013.01); H01M 4/583 (2013.01); H01M 4/62 (2013.01); H01M 10/0525 (2013.01); H01M 10/44 (2013.01); H01M 2004/021 (2013.01); H01M 2004/027 (2013.01)] | 15 Claims |

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1. A negative active material, comprising:
a core comprising a silicon-carbon composite; and
a polymer coating layer on the core,
wherein the negative active material has about 1.02 to about 1.6 of a ratio of height of N1s peak occurring at about 400±about 0.5 eV relative to a height of N1s peak occurring at about 405±about 0.5 eV of a bonding energy, and about 1.02 to about 3.0 of a ratio of a height of a C1s peak occurring at about 286.5±about 0.5 eV relative to a height of C1s peak occurring at about 290±about 0.5 eV when an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is measured.
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