| CPC H10D 86/0227 (2025.01) [H10D 30/6731 (2025.01); H10D 30/6739 (2025.01); H10D 30/6745 (2025.01); H10D 30/6755 (2025.01); H10D 86/421 (2025.01); H10D 86/60 (2025.01)] | 14 Claims |

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1. A crystalline p-type semiconductor film, the crystalline p-type semiconductor film having a plurality of crystal grains with an average grain size of submicron, wherein the crystalline p-type semiconductor film comprises tin-doped copper(I) iodide, a size of the plurality of crystal grains is distributed within the range of greater than about 0 nm and less than or equal to about 100 nm, and the ratio of tin to the total content of the tin-doped copper(I) iodide is about 22 wt % to about 28 wt %.
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