| CPC H01M 4/366 (2013.01) [B01J 21/18 (2013.01); B01J 23/72 (2013.01); B01J 37/0211 (2013.01); C01B 33/02 (2013.01); C01B 33/021 (2013.01); C01B 33/029 (2013.01); C30B 11/12 (2013.01); C30B 25/005 (2013.01); C30B 29/06 (2013.01); C30B 29/60 (2013.01); H01M 4/0428 (2013.01); H01M 4/0495 (2013.01); H01M 4/134 (2013.01); H01M 4/36 (2013.01); H01M 4/386 (2013.01); H01M 4/622 (2013.01); C01P 2004/16 (2013.01); C01P 2004/64 (2013.01)] | 38 Claims |

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1. A composition comprising a porous substrate and a population of silicon nanowires attached thereto, wherein the porous substrate comprises a population of graphite particles, wherein the population of graphite particles is porous, and wherein one end of each of the nanowires is attached to the porous substrate, the other end of each of the nanowires comprising copper, a copper compound, and/or a copper alloy.
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