| CPC G06V 10/776 (2022.01) [G06N 3/045 (2023.01); G06V 10/7747 (2022.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A method of updating a trained cardinality estimation model implement in a computing system, the method comprising:
receiving a cardinality estimation model with training predicates and cardinality labels;
detecting a drift in underlying data or predicates of the cardinality estimation model;
determining a type of the detected drift;
based on the type of the detected drift, synthesizing new test queries that mimic test queries for the detected drift;
selecting a portion of the new or synthesized test queries to annotate with cardinality labels so as to reduce annotation cost; and
updating the cardinality estimation model with newer predicates and cardinality labels.
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