| CPC C25B 11/091 (2021.01) [C23C 18/1637 (2013.01); C23C 18/1646 (2013.01); C23C 28/00 (2013.01); C25B 3/09 (2021.01); C25B 3/295 (2021.01); C25B 11/052 (2021.01); C25B 11/061 (2021.01); C25D 11/00 (2013.01)] | 6 Claims |

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1. A method of manufacturing a bismuth-based modified electrode, comprising a step of:
immersing a copper substrate in an aqueous solution for 1 to 20 minutes to obtain the bismuth-based modified electrode;
wherein the aqueous solution comprises a bismuth solution and KI solution, and a concentration of the KI solution ranges from 0.4 M to 3.0 M, and the bismuth solution comprises bismuth nitrate, bismuth carbonate, bismuth acetate, or bismuth citrate, and a concentration of the bismuth nitrate, a concentration of the bismuth carbonate, a concentration of the bismuth acetate, and a concentration of the bismuth citrate range from 20 mM to 40 mM, respectively,
wherein the aqueous solution further comprises an oxidizing agent and the oxidizing agent comprises p-benzoquinone with a concentration between 0.5 mM and 50 mM, hydrogen peroxide with a concentration between 1 mM and 10 mM, or 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt with a concentration between 1 mM and 10 mM; and
immersing the copper substrate in an electrolyte with a concentration of 0.1 M and a pH between 7.0 and 9.2, and performing an electrochemical reduction at an applied potential between −0.5 V and −1.75 V vs. NHE for 30 minutes to 2 hours,
wherein the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of phosphate solution, borate solution, and carbonate solution.
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