US 12,435,287 B2
Blending of renewable fuels
Jenni Nortio, Porvoo (FI); and Kati Sandberg, Porvoo (FI)
Assigned to Neste Oyj, Espoo (FI)
Appl. No. 17/312,989
Filed by Neste Oyj, Espoo (FI)
PCT Filed Dec. 12, 2019, PCT No. PCT/FI2019/050889
§ 371(c)(1), (2) Date Jun. 11, 2021,
PCT Pub. No. WO2020/120843, PCT Pub. Date Jun. 18, 2020.
Claims priority of application No. 20186074 (FI), filed on Dec. 13, 2018.
Prior Publication US 2022/0064557 A1, Mar. 3, 2022
Int. Cl. C10L 10/04 (2006.01); C10L 1/08 (2006.01); C10L 10/14 (2006.01)
CPC C10L 1/08 (2013.01) [C10L 10/14 (2013.01); C10L 2200/043 (2013.01); C10L 2200/0484 (2013.01); C10L 2270/04 (2013.01); C10L 2290/24 (2013.01)] 27 Claims
 
1. An aviation fuel blend having a measured viscosity of 12 mm2/s or below at −40° C., and 10 mm2/s or below at −30° C., measured in accordance with an EN ISO 3104 (1996) standard, which measured viscosity is at least 0.032 mm2/s lower than a calculated viscosity CsB for the aviation fuel blend, the calculated viscosity CsB being calculated for the aviation fuel blend based on viscosities of individual fuels thereof at a respective temperature by using a formula (III):
CsB=EXP([(VBIB)*LN(1000)]/[1−VBIB])  (III),
where VBIB=ΣViVBIi,
where Vi is a volume ratio of an individual fuel, and
VBIi=[LN(Csi)]/[LN(1000*Csi)],
where VBi is a viscosity index for an individual fuel, and
Csi is a viscosity of an individual fuel;
the aviation fuel blend consisting of individual fuels of petroleum-derived jet fuel in an amount of up to 95 vol-% mixed with renewable paraffinic middle distillate fuel in an amount of 5-40 vol-%;
wherein the renewable paraffinic middle distillate fuel is from vegetable oil, animal fat, fish fat, palm oil, rapeseed oil, cooking oil, biogas, algae oil, and/or microbial oil, and/or
wherein the renewable paraffinic middle distillate fuel is from hydrogenated fatty acid materials and/or hydrogenated triglyceride materials;
wherein the petroleum-derived jet fuel complies with at least one aviation fuel standard selected from ASTM D1655, DEFSTAN 91-91, JET A, and JET A-1;
wherein the renewable paraffinic middle distillate fuel is produced via a Fischer-Tropsch process and isomerisation, and/or wherein the renewable paraffinic middle distillate fuel is produced via hydrodeoxygenation and isomerisation, and
wherein the renewable paraffinic middle distillate fuel contains aromatic compounds in an amount of at most 0.5 vol-% and iso-paraffins in an amount of at least 80 vol-%, the rest being other paraffins and the renewable paraffinic middle distillate fuel comprises at least 70 wt-% of C15 to C18 paraffins.