| CPC B32B 17/10036 (2013.01) [B01J 20/0211 (2013.01); B01J 20/0214 (2013.01); B01J 20/0248 (2013.01); B23K 26/206 (2013.01); B23K 26/324 (2013.01); B32B 17/00 (2013.01); B32B 17/068 (2013.01); B32B 17/10005 (2021.01); C03B 23/245 (2013.01); C03C 3/062 (2013.01); C03C 4/0071 (2013.01); C03C 8/02 (2013.01); C03C 27/06 (2013.01); C03C 27/08 (2013.01); E06B 3/6612 (2013.01); E06B 3/66304 (2013.01); E06B 3/66333 (2013.01); E06B 3/66342 (2013.01); E06B 3/673 (2013.01); E06B 3/67334 (2013.01); E06B 3/6736 (2013.01); F16J 15/062 (2013.01); B23K 26/57 (2015.10); B23K 2103/52 (2018.08); B23K 2103/54 (2018.08); C03C 2204/00 (2013.01); C03C 2207/00 (2013.01); E06B 2003/66338 (2013.01); E06B 3/6775 (2013.01)] | 52 Claims |

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1. A vacuum insulating panel comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate;
a plurality of spacers provided in a gap between at least the first and second substrates, wherein the gap is at pressure less than atmospheric pressure;
a seal provided at least partially between at least the first and second substrates, the seal comprising a first seal layer, a second seal layer, and a third seal layer, wherein the first seal layer is located between at least the second and third seal layers;
wherein, for at least one location of the seal, the first seal layer has a first thickness, the second seal layer has a second thickness, and the third seal layer has a third thickness; and
wherein the first thickness is greater than the second thickness and less than the third thickness.
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