| CPC A01K 61/10 (2017.01) [A01K 61/95 (2017.01)] | 9 Claims |
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1. A method for determining an ecological flow process and a water temperature process of habitat requirements throughout a life history of fish, comprising following steps:
(1) dividing a number of fish eggs with synchronized development in an embryonic stage into a plurality of groups, and carrying out a two-factor crossover experiment with different water temperatures and flow velocities on each of the groups in a first annular water tank to obtain a number of hatched fish eggs and a number of survived fish eggs in each of the groups after the two-factor crossover experiment;
(2) dividing a number of fish with synchronized development in an juvenile stage into a plurality of groups, with equal numbers of male fish and female fish in each of the groups, and carrying out a two-factor crossover experiment with different water temperatures and flow velocities on each of the groups in a second annular water tank to obtain relative expression levels of feminization genes and masculinization genes through comprehensive transcriptomics analysis after the two-factor crossover experiment;
(3) dividing a number of fish with synchronized development in an adult stage into a plurality of groups, with equal numbers of male fish and female fish in each of the groups, and carrying out a two-factor crossover experiment with different water temperatures and flow velocities on each of the groups in a third annular water tank to obtain a spawning quantity of each of the groups after the two-factor crossover experiment;
(4) obtaining spawning quantities of fish at different water temperatures and flow velocities during a wild spawning season, as well as water temperatures and flow velocities at a time of spawning;
(5) calculating a hatching rate and a survival rate for each group of fish eggs based on numbers of hatched fish eggs and survived fish eggs of each of the groups, and fitting to obtain a curved surface of two-factor interaction relationship between the water temperature, the flow velocity and the hatching rate, and a curved surface of two-factor interaction relationship between the water temperature, the flow velocity and the survival rate according to the hatching rates and survival rates of the plurality of groups, as well as water temperatures and flow velocities corresponding to working conditions; obtaining a water temperature range and a flow velocity range for a first embryonic stage where the hatching rate reaches a preset range of hatching rate according to the curved surface of two-factor interaction relationship between the water temperature, the flow velocity and the hatching rate; obtaining a water temperature range and a flow velocity range for a second embryonic stage where the hatching rate reaches a preset range of survival rate according to the curved surface of two-factor interaction relationship between the water temperature, the flow velocity and the survival rate; identifying an overlapping part of the water temperature range for the first embryonic stage and the water temperature range for the second embryonic stage as a suitable water temperature range for the embryonic stage, and identifying an overlapping part of the flow velocity range for the first embryonic stage and the flow velocity range for the second embryonic stage as a suitable flow velocity range for the embryonic stage;
(6) calculating a gonadal development level of female fish and a gonadal development level of male fish in each of the groups according to the relative expression levels of feminization genes and masculinization genes of each of the groups, fitting to obtain a curved surface of two-factor interaction relationship between the water temperature, the flow velocity and the gonadal development level of female fish, and a curved surface of two-factor interaction relationship between the water temperature, the flow velocity and the gonadal development level of male fish according to the gonadal development levels and corresponding water temperature and flow velocity; obtaining a water temperature range and a flow velocity range for a first juvenile stage where the gonadal development level of female fish reaches a preset range of developmental level according to the curved surface of two-factor interaction relationship between the water temperature, the flow velocity and the gonadal development level of female fish; obtaining a water temperature range and flow velocity range for a second juvenile stage where the gonadal development level of male fish reaches a preset range of developmental level according to the curved surface of two-factor interaction relationship between the water temperature, the flow velocity and the gonadal development level of male fish; identifying an overlapping part of the water temperature range for the first juvenile stage and the water temperature range for the second juvenile stage as a suitable water temperature range for the juvenile stage, and identifying an overlapping part of the flow velocity range for the first juvenile stage and the flow velocity range for the second juvenile stage as a suitable flow velocity range for the juvenile stage;
(7) obtaining a first dataset according to the spawning quantity of each of the groups and the corresponding water temperature and flow velocity after the two-factor crossover experiment; obtaining a second dataset according to a spawning quantity of wild fish and the corresponding water temperature and flow velocity; standardizing the first dataset and the second dataset, fitting a curved surface of two-factor interaction relationship between the water temperature, the flow velocity and a standardized spawning quantity according to the standardized spawning quantity and the corresponding water temperature and the flow velocity; and obtaining a standardized water temperature range and flow velocity range where the standardized spawning quantity reaches a preset spawning quantity threshold according to the curved surface of two-factor interaction relationship between the water temperature, the flow velocity and the standardized spawning quantity as a suitable water temperature and a suitable flow velocity for the adult stage;
(8) obtaining upper and lower limits of ecological flow ranges for the embryonic, juvenile, and adult stages by multiplying upper and lower limits of the suitable flow velocity ranges for the embryonic, juvenile, and adult stages by a cross-sectional area of a target river, and summarizing the ecological flow ranges for the embryonic, juvenile, and adult stages to obtain the ecological flow process and the water temperature process throughout the life history of fish; and
(9) summarizing the suitable water temperature ranges for the embryonic, juvenile, and adult stages to obtain the water temperature process throughout the life history of fish,
wherein the first annular water tank is composed of a first straight section, a first curved section, a second straight section, and a second curved section that are connected in sequence, booster pumps are installed on both sides of straight sections, and different flow velocities are achieved by controlling a number of the booster pumps to be turned on; and the first annular water tank is completely placed in a temperature-controlled room, such that different water temperature conditions are achieved.
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