| CPC H01M 8/02 (2013.01) [H01M 12/06 (2013.01); H01M 12/08 (2013.01); H01M 4/86 (2013.01); H01M 4/90 (2013.01); H01M 8/08 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0005 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0022 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0025 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0045 (2013.01); Y02E 60/10 (2013.01)] | 18 Claims |

|
1. A method comprising:
mixing a protic ionic liquid with an aprotic ionic liquid to create an ionically conductive medium comprising negative ions and positive ions, wherein at least one of the positive ions is a proton;
exposing the ionically conductive medium to oxygen; and
electrochemically reducing the oxygen,
wherein the ionically conductive medium further comprises a metal-containing additive and a protic organic molecule containing additive selected from the group consisting of triflic acid (HTf), benzonitrile: HTf, acetophenone: HTf, methanesulfonic acid, hydronium triflate, pyridazinium triflate, acetic acid, pyridinium triflate, 1,2-dimethylimidaozlium triflate, n,n-diethyl-n-methylammonium triflate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, 2-butyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium triflate, and combinations thereof.
|