| CPC D04H 18/02 (2013.01) [B32B 5/06 (2013.01)] | 9 Claims |

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1. An apparatus for through thickness reinforcement of a fibrous preform, the apparatus comprising:
an end effector; and
a curved needle extending from the end effector in a first direction, wherein the curved needle is configured to rotate about a first axis parallel to the first direction;
wherein the end effector is configured to move the curved needle in the first direction as the curved needle rotates about the first axis to move a through thickness fiber along a curved path from a first ply of the fibrous preform at least partially into a second ply of the fibrous preform.
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