| CPC H01M 4/48 (2013.01) [H01M 4/0402 (2013.01); H01M 2004/021 (2013.01); H01M 2004/027 (2013.01)] | 8 Claims |

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1. A negative electrode active material comprising negative electrode active material particles,
wherein the negative electrode active material particles contain silicon compound particles containing a silicon compound,
the silicon compound particles contain Li2SiO3,
at least a part of a surface of the silicon compound particles is covered with a carbon layer, and
a surface layer of the negative electrode active material particles contains a substance having a carboxylic acid structure,
wherein the negative electrode active material particles are that in which a negative fragment derived from a carboxylic acid structure is detected by measurement by TOF-SIMS,
wherein a spectral intensity of Six+ (0<x<4) of a negative electrode containing the negative electrode active material after charging is higher than that of the negative electrode after discharging in a spectrum of K absorption edge XANES of Si obtained from the XAFS measurement of the negative electrode taken out from a charged secondary battery, and the negative electrode taken out from the charged secondary battery after complete discharge, and
wherein the XANES spectrum of the negative electrode after the charge spectral intensity of Six+ (2≤x<4) is higher than spectral intensity of Six+ (0<x<2).
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