| CPC H01M 4/1393 (2013.01) [C01B 32/182 (2017.08); H01M 4/0404 (2013.01); H01M 4/0421 (2013.01); H01M 4/366 (2013.01); H01M 4/38 (2013.01); H01M 4/625 (2013.01); B82Y 30/00 (2013.01); H01M 2004/021 (2013.01)] | 22 Claims |

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1. A composition of matter including a carbon structure comprising:
a plurality of carbon particles including whole carbon particles and disintegrated carbon particles, wherein the disintegrated carbon particles are characterized by one or more of jagged edges or irregular shape and are defined by a surface area-to-volume ratio that is greater than a surface area-to volume ratio of the whole carbon particles, and wherein each of the whole carbon particles and disintegrated carbon particles include a plurality of pores and a plurality of exposed surfaces; and
an electrically conductive material (ECM) deposited in at least some of the plurality of pores and coated on at least some exposed surfaces associated with the whole carbon particles and the disintegrated carbon particles, wherein at least some of the whole carbon particles are disintegrated to form at least some of the disintegrated carbon particles prior to deposition of the ECM.
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