| CPC G06F 3/0619 (2013.01) [G06F 3/064 (2013.01); G06F 3/0679 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A host, comprising:
a memory configured to store instructions; and
a processor coupled to the memory, wherein responsive to execution of the instructions, the processor is configured to:
determine a power-up event after abnormal power-off; and
perform a roll-forward recovery for a memory system at least by:
determining a set of node blocks to be recovered; and
for each node block included in the set of node blocks,
determining a first data block stored in the memory system based on the node block;
determining whether first node address information retrieved from a metadata part of the first data block matches second node address information of the node block; and
determining whether to recover the node block and the first data block in the memory system based on whether the first node address information matches the second node address information.
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