| CPC G01N 15/0227 (2013.01) [G01N 15/1433 (2024.01); G01N 15/1434 (2013.01); G01N 15/147 (2013.01); G02B 21/14 (2013.01); G01N 2015/0294 (2013.01); G01N 2015/1006 (2013.01); G01N 2015/144 (2013.01); G01N 2015/1452 (2013.01); G01N 2015/1454 (2013.01); G01N 2015/1493 (2013.01)] | 23 Claims |

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1. A method for characterising one or more objects in a sample, the method comprising:
collecting transmitted, refracted, scattered, diffracted, or emitted light from the sample, for forming collected light;
guiding the collected light using one or more lenses to a sensor surface, wherein the collected light from the sample along the one or more lenses to the sensor surface defines an optical path;
forming by said collected light on the sensor surface a first image and a second image of the one or more objects, wherein for the first image or for the second image the collected light is modulated asymmetrically by moving a light modulator between a first position for the first image and a second position for the second image; and
determining a position along the optical path of at least one of the one or more objects based on a translation of a depiction of the at least one object between the first image and the second image.
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